KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Public, Charter, Alternative K-12

 2 Polk St
       Troy, NY  12180-5512


(518) 445-3100

District: KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

SchoolDigger Rank:
1282nd of 2,439 New York Alternative Schools


Student/teacher ratio:  46.3 Help
Number of students:  741

Racial breakdown:

African American:
59.1%
Hispanic:
22.7%
White:
10.9%
more

Free/discounted lunch recipients:  86.8% Help


 See top rated New York elementary schools

 Compare KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School to nearby alternative schools!

Performance Trends
Help
Compare Details KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School ranks worse than 52.6% of elementary schools in New York. (See more...)
Help
Compare Details In 2023 the calculated Average Standard Score was 45.91. (See more...)
Help
Compare Details KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School ranks better than 65.7% of middle schools in New York. (See more...)
Help
Compare Details In 2023 the calculated Average Standard Score was 61.86. (See more...)
Help
Compare Details KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School ranks worse than 84.9% of high schools in New York. (See more...)
Help
Compare Details In 2023 the calculated Average Standard Score was 13.23. (See more...)
Help
The Adjusted Cohort Graduation Rate (ACGR) measures the percentage of KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School freshmen who graduate within four years, adjusting for students who transfer in or out.
Help
The high school dropout rate measures the percentage of students who do not complete their high school education.
Help
Chronic absenteeism in a high school refers to a situation where students repeatedly miss school, with the threshold often defined as missing 10% or more of school days for any reason, excused or unexcused.
Student Body
Help
Compare Details Racial makeup is: African American (59.1%), Hispanic (22.7%), White (10.9%). (See more...)
Help
Compare Details 86.8% of students are receiving a free or discounted lunch. (See more...)
Teachers
Help
Compare Details The student/teacher ratio at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School is 46.3. (See more...)
Help
Compare KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School employs 16 full-time teachers.
Finance
Schooldigger 2023 Rankings:

KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School:

SchoolDigger ranks KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School 1282nd of 2439 New York public elementary schools. (See KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School in the ranking list.)

Elementary School Test Score Ratings by Student Subgroup:


Special Education students:
Low Socio Economic Status students:
Female students:
Male students:
African American students:
Hispanic students:

SchoolDigger ranks KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School 514th of 1500 New York public middle schools. (See KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School in the ranking list.)

Middle School Test Score Ratings by Student Subgroup:


Special Education students:
Low Socio Economic Status students:
Female students:
Male students:
African American students:
Hispanic students:

SchoolDigger ranks KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School 1042nd of 1228 New York public high schools. (See KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School in the ranking list.)

High School Test Score Ratings by Student Subgroup:


Special Education students:
Low Socio Economic Status students:
Female students:
Male students:
African American students:
Hispanic students:




What do you think?

Your rating for KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School?

Rank History for KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Help
Compare

Rank History for all elementary school students at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Year Avg Standard Score Statewide Rank Total # Ranked Elementary Schools NY State Percentile SchoolDigger Rating
2011 63.61 896th 2286 60.8%
2012 51.85 1269th 2320 45.3%
2013 35.95 1522nd 2325 34.5%
2014 45.30 1295th 2345 44.8%
2015 53.49 1071st 2352 54.5%
2016 62.81 829th 2366 65.0%
2017 75.14 521st 2386 78.2%
2018 72.67 588th 2395 75.4%
2019 73.26 589th 2413 75.6%
2021 26.37 1702nd 2201 22.7%
2022 46.82 1256th 2434 48.4%
2023 45.91 1282nd 2439 47.4%
See the entire list of New York Alternative School Rankings!

Rank History for elementary school Special Education students at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Year Avg Standard Score Statewide Rank Total # Ranked Elementary Schools NY State Percentile SchoolDigger Rating
2018 64.44 422nd 1941 78.3%
2019 59.03 471st 1859 74.7%
2021 39.04 597th 1044 42.8%
2022 42.74 1006th 2031 50.5%
2023 48.22 829th 2016 58.9%
See the entire list of Best New York Alternative Schools for Special Education Students!

Rank History for elementary school Low Socio Economic Status students at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Year Avg Standard Score Statewide Rank Total # Ranked Elementary Schools NY State Percentile SchoolDigger Rating
2018 81.79 231st 2045 88.7%
2019 80.65 286th 2032 85.9%
2021 28.42 1312th 1678 21.8%
2022 55.23 789th 2099 62.4%
2023 56.69 743rd 2041 63.6%
See the entire list of Best New York Alternative Schools for Low Socio Economic Status Students!

Rank History for elementary school Female students at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Year Avg Standard Score Statewide Rank Total # Ranked Elementary Schools NY State Percentile SchoolDigger Rating
2018 76.38 451st 2338 80.7%
2019 77.05 458th 2357 80.6%
2021 31.42 1425th 1955 27.1%
2022 55.52 1025th 2401 57.3%
2023 48.56 1199th 2403 50.1%
See the entire list of Best New York Alternative Schools for Female Students!

Rank History for elementary school Male students at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Year Avg Standard Score Statewide Rank Total # Ranked Elementary Schools NY State Percentile SchoolDigger Rating
2018 67.13 708th 2340 69.7%
2019 67.16 696th 2358 70.5%
2021 19.65 1677th 1961 14.5%
2022 36.41 1557th 2400 35.1%
2023 42.77 1343rd 2400 44.0%
See the entire list of Best New York Alternative Schools for Male Students!

Rank History for elementary school African American students at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Year Avg Standard Score Statewide Rank Total # Ranked Elementary Schools NY State Percentile SchoolDigger Rating
2018 86.35 87th 948 90.8%
2019 87.12 85th 891 90.5%
2021 47.04 208th 427 51.3%
2022 74.06 198th 936 78.8%
2023 61.52 280th 857 67.3%
See the entire list of Best New York Alternative Schools for African American Students!

Rank History for elementary school Hispanic students at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Year Avg Standard Score Statewide Rank Total # Ranked Elementary Schools NY State Percentile SchoolDigger Rating
2018 76.91 230th 1392 83.5%
2019 78.60 193rd 1315 85.3%
2021 30.37 613th 818 25.1%
2022 44.24 797th 1503 47.0%
2023 63.01 428th 1429 70.0%
See the entire list of Best New York Alternative Schools for Hispanic Students!

Rank History for elementary school White students at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Year Avg Standard Score Statewide Rank Total # Ranked Elementary Schools NY State Percentile SchoolDigger Rating
2019 67.62 422nd 1338 68.5%
2021 26.67 969th 1224 20.8%
See the entire list of Best New York Alternative Schools for White Students!

Data source: test scores: NY State Education Department, rankings: SchoolDigger.com

Rank History for KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Help
Compare

Rank History for all middle school students at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Year Avg Standard Score Statewide Rank Total # Ranked Middle Schools NY State Percentile SchoolDigger Rating
2012 72.59 375th 1337 72.0%
2013 63.49 432nd 1373 68.5%
2014 73.58 279th 1401 80.1%
2015 55.15 569th 1407 59.6%
2016 44.60 772nd 1429 46.0%
2017 47.99 732nd 1455 49.7%
2018 54.96 594th 1438 58.7%
2019 69.04 384th 1439 73.3%
2021 51.61 551st 1242 55.6%
2022 52.14 650th 1479 56.1%
2023 61.86 514th 1500 65.7%
See the entire list of New York Alternative School Rankings!

Rank History for middle school Special Education students at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Year Avg Standard Score Statewide Rank Total # Ranked Middle Schools NY State Percentile SchoolDigger Rating
2018 60.39 283rd 1170 75.8%
2019 46.59 468th 1139 58.9%
2022 61.01 301st 1283 76.5%
2023 66.51 275th 1307 79.0%
See the entire list of Best New York Alternative Schools for Special Education Students!

Rank History for middle school Low Socio Economic Status students at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Year Avg Standard Score Statewide Rank Total # Ranked Middle Schools NY State Percentile SchoolDigger Rating
2018 64.21 327th 1245 73.7%
2019 77.29 202nd 1241 83.7%
2021 55.80 330th 935 64.7%
2022 57.27 424th 1306 67.5%
2023 71.85 249th 1288 80.7%
See the entire list of Best New York Alternative Schools for Low Socio Economic Status Students!

Rank History for middle school Female students at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Year Avg Standard Score Statewide Rank Total # Ranked Middle Schools NY State Percentile SchoolDigger Rating
2018 53.70 614th 1353 54.6%
2019 67.94 404th 1370 70.5%
2021 50.04 493rd 1066 53.8%
2022 59.40 521st 1454 64.2%
2023 63.12 488th 1463 66.6%
See the entire list of Best New York Alternative Schools for Female Students!

Rank History for middle school Male students at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Year Avg Standard Score Statewide Rank Total # Ranked Middle Schools NY State Percentile SchoolDigger Rating
2018 56.09 536th 1352 60.4%
2019 67.14 373rd 1366 72.7%
2021 48.41 520th 1071 51.4%
2022 38.36 893rd 1455 38.6%
2023 56.54 573rd 1464 60.9%
See the entire list of Best New York Alternative Schools for Male Students!

Rank History for middle school African American students at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Year Avg Standard Score Statewide Rank Total # Ranked Middle Schools NY State Percentile SchoolDigger Rating
2018 71.24 127th 663 80.8%
2019 79.04 104th 653 84.1%
2021 63.39 66th 253 73.9%
2022 71.98 136th 706 80.7%
2023 73.50 129th 696 81.5%
See the entire list of Best New York Alternative Schools for African American Students!

Rank History for middle school Hispanic students at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Year Avg Standard Score Statewide Rank Total # Ranked Middle Schools NY State Percentile SchoolDigger Rating
2018 77.37 135th 810 83.3%
2019 88.33 59th 826 92.9%
2021 66.74 95th 449 78.8%
2022 46.73 439th 914 52.0%
2023 67.21 241st 943 74.4%
See the entire list of Best New York Alternative Schools for Hispanic Students!

Data source: test scores: NY State Education Department, rankings: SchoolDigger.com

Rank History for KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Help
Compare

Rank History for all high school students at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Year Avg Standard Score Statewide Rank Total # Ranked High Schools NY State Percentile SchoolDigger Rating
2019 30.99 852nd 1207 29.4%
2022 17.94 941st 1190 20.9%
2023 13.23 1042nd 1228 15.1%
See the entire list of New York Alternative School Rankings!

Rank History for high school Special Education students at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Year Avg Standard Score Statewide Rank Total # Ranked High Schools NY State Percentile SchoolDigger Rating
2019 15.73 1031st 1132 8.9%
2022 26.98 775th 1038 25.3%
2023 30.72 796th 1130 29.6%
See the entire list of Best New York Alternative Schools for Special Education Students!

Rank History for high school Low Socio Economic Status students at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Year Avg Standard Score Statewide Rank Total # Ranked High Schools NY State Percentile SchoolDigger Rating
2018 43.45 682nd 1154 40.9%
2019 30.94 846th 1179 28.2%
2022 15.07 959th 1101 12.9%
2023 13.60 1006th 1155 12.9%
See the entire list of Best New York Alternative Schools for Low Socio Economic Status Students!

Rank History for high school Female students at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Year Avg Standard Score Statewide Rank Total # Ranked High Schools NY State Percentile SchoolDigger Rating
2018 37.54 777th 1176 33.9%
2019 29.17 863rd 1193 27.7%
2022 18.33 929th 1155 19.6%
2023 16.31 996th 1197 16.8%
See the entire list of Best New York Alternative Schools for Female Students!

Rank History for high school Male students at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Year Avg Standard Score Statewide Rank Total # Ranked High Schools NY State Percentile SchoolDigger Rating
2018 40.53 741st 1176 37.0%
2019 34.35 806th 1190 32.3%
2022 19.67 906th 1154 21.5%
2023 11.12 1057th 1191 11.3%
See the entire list of Best New York Alternative Schools for Male Students!

Rank History for high school African American students at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Year Avg Standard Score Statewide Rank Total # Ranked High Schools NY State Percentile SchoolDigger Rating
2018 47.73 323rd 679 52.4%
2019 41.04 388th 686 43.4%
2022 27.46 462nd 593 22.1%
2023 25.59 515th 671 23.2%
See the entire list of Best New York Alternative Schools for African American Students!

Rank History for high school Hispanic students at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Year Avg Standard Score Statewide Rank Total # Ranked High Schools NY State Percentile SchoolDigger Rating
2022 37.14 456th 760 40.0%
2023 32.09 553rd 851 35.0%
See the entire list of Best New York Alternative Schools for Hispanic Students!

Rank History for high school White students at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Year Avg Standard Score Statewide Rank Total # Ranked High Schools NY State Percentile SchoolDigger Rating
2019 43.57 498th 793 37.2%
See the entire list of Best New York Alternative Schools for White Students!

Data source: test scores: NY State Education Department, rankings: SchoolDigger.com

As you review the school rankings data, please be aware that some of the information from certain demographics is missing. The reason for this omission is that the data has been redacted from the source data itself due to low population samples in these specific demographic groups.

Redacting data from low population samples is a necessary step to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the results, as small sample sizes may not be representative of the broader population. Additionally, this measure helps protect the privacy of individuals belonging to these demographic groups.

KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School Test Scores
Tests: 
  
Grades: 
  
Years: 
  
Group by: 
State Scores:    
  
Subgroup: 









Data source: NY State Education Department

Review counts

All ratings (Avg rating: 3)
50%

0%

0%

0%

50%

  

Reviews:
by a parent
Wednesday, May 16, 2018

Open Quote I’d rate this school in the negative if I could. They should be investigated for child neglect and endangerment. Leadership is bullying and abusive I’ve to the students. If you notice on their employment page they are always posting for core program positions-math, history, English, and science. They can’t keep teachers in place. If you also notice there are very few men and racial minorities that work at Troy prep. There have been witness reports of numerous situations with students where leadership is abusive emotionally and physically. It’s a pathetic excuse for an educational institution and should be shut down immediately. It prays off of impoverished children in Troy and tries to sell it to them as a school that will break down racial barriers for the student. The leadership does not resemble any similar background of the students. Shut it down. Shut it down. Close Quote


by a parent on FaceBook
Wednesday, February 3, 2016

Open Quote Troy prep is an excellent school. My daughter is so far ahead of her friends dscount from other schools, I feel like she hit the jackpot when she made it through the lottery system. Close Quote



Enrollment information for KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Help
Compare
Year White African American Asian Hispanic American Indian Pacific Islander Two or More Races Not Specified Total
2010 12 40 0 8 0 n/a n/a 0 60
2011 27 76 0 13 0 0 0 0 116
2012 47 136 0 28 1 0 0 0 212
2013 63 207 3 49 1 0 0 0 323
2014 82 251 2 49 3 0 0 0 387
2015 72 306 3 66 3 0 0 0 450
2016 84 327 3 105 1 0 0 0 520
2017 82 317 4 123 1 2 0 0 529
2018 85 360 4 132 1 2 0 0 584
2019 98 384 6 143 2 2 0 0 635
2020 91 434 6 149 4 0 0 0 684
2021 90 478 4 167 1 2 16 0 758
2022 89 444 3 181 2 2 35 0 756
2023 81 438 3 168 6 4 41 0 741

Data source: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Dept of Education.

About Enrollment/Ethnicity

For more information about how the Department of Education defines ethnicity, see Defining Race and Ethnicity Data, National Center for Education Statistics

Students eligible for free or discounted lunch at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Help
Compare
Year # Students Full-time Teachers Student/Teacher ratio % Free/Discounted Lunch
2010 60 7.0 8.5 95
2011 116 8.0 14.5 97.4
2012 212 18.0 11.7 87.7
2013 323 28.0 11.5 92.9
2014 387 32.0 12.0 83.2
2015 450 25.0 18.0 80
2016 520 30.0 17.3 0
2017 529 30.0 17.6 96.2
2018 584 31.0 18.8 88.2
2019 635 27.0 23.5 85.4
2020 684 34.6 19.7 87.3
2021 758 39.0 19.4 83.1
2022 756 40.5 18.6 86.9
2023 741 16.0 46.3 86.8

Data source: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Dept of Education.

About Students eligible for discounted/free lunch:

The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) provides low-cost or free meals to students in U.S. public and nonprofit private schools based on household income. Those with incomes below 130% of the poverty line receive free lunch, while those between 130% and 185% qualify for reduced-price lunch. The percentage of students receiving free or reduced-price lunch serves as a marker for poverty, as it reflects the socioeconomic status of families in a given school or district. A higher FRPL rate typically indicates a higher concentration of low-income families, suggesting that the school or district may face additional challenges in providing adequate resources and support for student success.

Student/Teacher Ratio KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Help
Compare
Year # Students Full-time Teachers Student/Teacher ratio % Free/Discounted Lunch
2010 60 7.0 8.5 95
2011 116 8.0 14.5 97.4
2012 212 18.0 11.7 87.7
2013 323 28.0 11.5 92.9
2014 387 32.0 12.0 83.2
2015 450 25.0 18.0 80
2016 520 30.0 17.3 0
2017 529 30.0 17.6 96.2
2018 584 31.0 18.8 88.2
2019 635 27.0 23.5 85.4
2020 684 34.6 19.7 87.3
2021 758 39.0 19.4 83.1
2022 756 40.5 18.6 86.9
2023 741 16.0 46.3 86.8

Data source: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Dept of Education.

About Student-Teacher Ratio

Student/teacher ratio is calculated by dividing the total number of students by the total number of full-time equivalent teachers. Please note that a smaller student/teacher ratio does not necessarily translate to smaller class size. In some instances, schools hire teachers part time, and some teachers are hired for specialized instruction with very small class sizes. These and other factors contribute to the student/teacher ratio. Note: For private schools, Student/teacher ratio may not include Pre-Kindergarten.
Finances

Per Pupil Expenditures for KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Help

YearExpenditures from Federal FundsExpenditures from State and Local FundsTotal Expenditures Per Pupil (All Funds)
2019 $844 (4.8%) $16,791 (95.2%) $17,635
2020 $538 (3.7%) $13,811 (96.2%) $14,350
2021 $820 (6.4%) $11,981 (93.6%) $12,801
2022 $2,546 (17.3%) $12,183 (82.7%) $14,729
2023 $3,646 (19.3%) $15,209 (80.7%) $18,854

Data source: New York Department of Education
Pre and Post Pandemic Data

Impact of COVID-19 on KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

The coronavirus has had a profound impact on education in America. Learning shifted online overnight, attendance numbers dwindled, and enrollment decreased. SchoolDigger.com is making it easier for you to better assess how COVID-19 has impacted your school. Through the collection of pre-pandemic (2019) and current data, SchoolDigger.com is sharing test scores, enrollment numbers and school demographics from schools across the country – and we make it easy to see how impacted schools compare locally and statewide.

Rankings

Rank
Pre-pandemic (2018-2019)
Rank
Post pandemic (2022-2023)
Change (%)
Ranks 589th of 2413 Elementary schoolsRanks 1282nd of 2439 Elementary schools
 28.2%
Ranks 384th of 1439 Middle schoolsRanks 514th of 1500 Middle schools
 7.6%
Ranks 852nd of 1207 High schoolsRanks 1042nd of 1228 High schools
 14.3%

Test Scores

% proficient
Pre-pandemic (2018-2019)
% proficient
Post pandemic (2022-2023)
Change (%)
3rd Grade English Language Arts (KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School)7134.5
 36.5%
   3rd Grade English Language Arts (New York)5244.9
 7.1%
3rd Grade Math (KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School)7646.6
 29.5%
   3rd Grade Math (New York)5453.7
 0.3%
4th Grade English Language Arts (KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School)6341.3
 21.7%
   4th Grade English Language Arts (New York)4848.8
 0.8%
4th Grade Math (KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School)6944.3
 24.7%
   4th Grade Math (New York)5053.9
 3.8%
5th Grade English Language Arts (KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School)3942.4
 3.4%
   5th Grade English Language Arts (New York)3845.1
 7.1%
5th Grade Math (KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School)5749.2
 7.8%
   5th Grade Math (New York)4649.7
 3.7%
6th Grade English Language Arts (KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School)4650
 4%
   6th Grade English Language Arts (New York)4745.8
 1.2%
6th Grade Math (KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School)7053.3
 16.7%
   6th Grade Math (New York)4748.1
 1.1%
7th Grade English Language Arts (KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School)5350.9
 2.1%
   7th Grade English Language Arts (New York)4048
 8%
7th Grade Math (KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School)6557.1
 7.9%
   7th Grade Math (New York)4451.9
 7.9%
8th Grade English Language Arts (KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School)4259.7
 17.7%
   8th Grade English Language Arts (New York)4855.2
 7.2%
End of Course Algebra I (KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School)83.951.6
 32.3%
   End of Course Algebra I (New York)71.164.6
 6.5%
End of Course English (KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School)59.345.3
 14%
   End of Course English (New York)83.980.8
 3%
End of Course Geometry (KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School)55.95.8
 50.1%
   End of Course Geometry (New York)70.153.2
 17%
End of Course Living Environment (KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School)63.342.2
 21.1%
   End of Course Living Environment (New York)73.265.7
 7.5%

Student Body

Number of students
Pre-pandemic (2018-2019)
Number of students
Post pandemic (2022-2023)
Change (%)
Total Students635741
 16.7%
African American384438
 14.1%
American Indian26
 200%
Asian63
 50%
Hispanic143168
 17.5%
Pacific Islander24
 100%
White9881
 17.3%
Two or More Races041
% Free/Discounted Lunch Recipients85.4%86.8%
 1.4%


Schools Near KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School









Frequently Asked Questions about KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School

Students at KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School are 59% African American, 23% Hispanic, 11% White, 6% Two or more races.

In the 2022-23 school year, 741 students attended KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School.

KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School ranks 1282nd of 2439 New York alternative schools. SchoolDigger rates this school 2 stars out of 5.


Rate KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School!



Sign up for updates!

Be the first to know when there is an update for KIPP Troy Preparatory Charter School!




SchoolDigger data sources: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, the U.S. Census Bureau, the WNYC and the New York State Department of Health and the NY State Education Department.

IMPORTANT DISCLAIMERS: Not all boundaries are included. We make every effort to ensure that boundaries are up-to-date. But it's important to note that these are approximations and are for general informational purposes only. To verify legal descriptions of boundaries or school locations, contact your local tax assessor's office and/or school district.





Diagnostics

None retrieved from Database in 61 milliseconds.