Moshannon Valley Elementary School

Q: Is Moshannon Valley Elementary School a good school?

Moshannon Valley Elementary School ranks 1060 th of 1534 Pennsylvania elementary schools. SchoolDigger rates this school 2 stars out of 5.

Public K-6

5026 Green Acre Rd
Houtzdale, PA 16651-9410

(814) 378-7683

District: Moshannon Valley School District

SchoolDigger Rank:
1060^th of 1,534 Pennsylvania Elementary Schools

Per Pupil Expenditures: $16,150

Students who attend Moshannon Valley Elementary School usually attend:

High:

Moshannon Valley Junior/Senior High School

Student/teacher ratio: 12.3

Number of students: 407

Racial breakdown:

White:

95.8%

Two or more races:

2.7%

Hispanic:

0.7%

Free/discounted lunch recipients: 100%

See top rated Pennsylvania elementary schools

Compare Moshannon Valley Elementary School to nearby elementary schools!

Performance Trends

Compare Details Moshannon Valley Elementary School ranks worse than 69.1% of elementary schools in Pennsylvania. (See more...)

Compare Details In 2023 the calculated Average Standard Score was 37.33. (See more...)

Student Body

Compare Details Racial makeup is: White (95.8%), two or more races (2.7%), Hispanic (0.7%). (See more...)

Compare Details 100% of students are receiving a free or discounted lunch. (See more...)

Teachers

Compare Details The student/teacher ratio at Moshannon Valley Elementary School is 12.3. (See more...)

Compare Moshannon Valley Elementary School employs 33 full-time teachers.

Finance

Compare Details The average total spent per student at Moshannon Valley Elementary School is $16,150.

Schooldigger 2023 Rankings:

Moshannon Valley Elementary School:

SchoolDigger ranks Moshannon Valley Elementary School 1060^th of 1534 Pennsylvania public elementary schools. (See Moshannon Valley Elementary School in the ranking list.)

Elementary School Test Score Ratings by Student Subgroup:

Low Socio Economic Status students:

Disabled students:

White students:

Moshannon Valley School District:

SchoolDigger ranks Moshannon Valley School District 387^th of 606 Pennsylvania school districts. (See district ranking list.)

What do you think?

Your rating for Moshannon Valley Elementary School?

(Ranking FAQ)

Rank History for Moshannon Valley Elementary School

Compare

Rank History for all students at Moshannon Valley Elementary School

Year	Avg Standard Score	Statewide Rank	Total # Ranked Elementary Schools	PA State Percentile
2003	35.27	934^th	1302	28.3%
2004	36.69	940^th	1308	28.1%
2005	27.15	1054^th	1299	18.9%
2006	38.87	1157^th	1545	25.1%
2007	47.99	993^rd	1555	36.1%
2008	54.54	883^rd	1551	43.1%
2009	55.61	863^rd	1549	44.3%
2010	44.44	1110^th	1579	29.7%
2011	43.45	1154^th	1597	27.7%
2012	37.65	1214^th	1599	24.1%
2013	47.35	1008^th	1519	33.6%
2014	42.17	1041^st	1467	29.0%
2015	41.54	991^st	1474	32.8%
2016	44.41	1015^th	1554	34.7%
2017	37.14	1105^th	1547	28.6%
2018	45.04	1007^th	1530	34.2%
2019	47.89	956^th	1544	38.1%
2021	42.78	932^nd	1433	35.0%
2022	47.78	930^th	1534	39.4%
2023	37.33	1060^th	1534	30.9%

See the entire list of Pennsylvania Elementary School Rankings!

Rank History for Low Socio Economic Status students at Moshannon Valley Elementary School

Year	Avg Standard Score	Statewide Rank	Total # Ranked Elementary Schools	PA State Percentile	SchoolDigger Rating
2023	41.89	902^nd	1414	36.2%

See the entire list of Best Pennsylvania Elementary Schools for Low Socio Economic Status Students!

Rank History for Disabled students at Moshannon Valley Elementary School

Year	Avg Standard Score	Statewide Rank	Total # Ranked Elementary Schools	PA State Percentile	SchoolDigger Rating
2023	38.04	647^th	1043	38.0%

See the entire list of Best Pennsylvania Elementary Schools for Disabled Students!

Rank History for White students at Moshannon Valley Elementary School

Year	Avg Standard Score	Statewide Rank	Total # Ranked Elementary Schools	PA State Percentile	SchoolDigger Rating
2023	19.31	1090^th	1236	11.8%

See the entire list of Best Pennsylvania Elementary Schools for White Students!

Data source: test scores: Pennsylvania Dept of Education, rankings: SchoolDigger.com

As you review the school rankings data, please be aware that some of the information from certain demographics is missing. The reason for this omission is that the data has been redacted from the source data itself due to low population samples in these specific demographic groups.

Redacting data from low population samples is a necessary step to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the results, as small sample sizes may not be representative of the broader population. Additionally, this measure helps protect the privacy of individuals belonging to these demographic groups.

Data source: Pennsylvania Dept of Education

We're sorry, but no reviews have been submitted for Moshannon Valley Elementary School.

If you have first-hand knowledge about Moshannon Valley Elementary School, submit a rating!

Reviews:
No reviews have been submitted!

Enrollment information for Moshannon Valley Elementary School

Compare

Year	White	African American	Asian	Hispanic	American Indian	Pacific Islander	Two or More Races	Not Specified	Total
1988	663	0	3	0	0	n/a	n/a	0	666
1989	645	0	3	0	0	n/a	n/a	0	648
1990	620	0	2	0	0	n/a	n/a	0	622
1991	620	1	0	0	0	n/a	n/a	0	621
1992	693	0	0	2	0	n/a	n/a	0	695
1993	715	1	1	0	0	n/a	n/a	0	717
1994	714	1	0	0	0	n/a	n/a	0	715
1995	736	0	1	0	0	n/a	n/a	0	737
1996	736	0	1	0	0	n/a	n/a	0	737
1997	748	1	0	1	0	n/a	n/a	0	750
1998	726	1	2	0	0	n/a	n/a	0	729
1999	676	2	0	0	0	n/a	n/a	0	678
2000	670	2	0	0	0	n/a	n/a	0	672
2001	625	1	0	0	0	n/a	n/a	0	626
2002	594	1	1	1	0	n/a	n/a	0	597
2003	594	1	1	1	0	n/a	n/a	0	597
2004	550	1	0	1	0	n/a	n/a	0	552
2005	523	3	1	3	0	n/a	n/a	0	530
2006	500	0	0	2	0	n/a	n/a	0	502
2007	482	3	1	0	0	n/a	n/a	0	486
2008	501	3	1	0	0	n/a	n/a	1	506
2009	483	3	2	0	0	n/a	n/a	0	488
2010	501	3	2	0	0	n/a	n/a	0	506
2011	518	5	1	0	0	0	1	0	525
2012	498	7	0	0	0	0	4	0	509
2013	486	6	0	0	0	0	2	0	494
2014	485	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	487
2015	450	0	2	0	1	0	7	0	460
2016	444	1	4	0	0	0	11	0	460
2017	430	2	5	1	0	0	12	0	450
2018	422	0	5	3	0	0	12	0	442
2019	419	1	3	3	0	0	16	0	442
2020	404	1	3	3	1	0	17	0	429
2021	368	1	2	1	1	0	16	0	389
2022	388	1	1	3	1	0	11	0	405
2023	390	2	1	3	0	0	11	0	407

Data source: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Dept of Education.

About Enrollment/Ethnicity

For more information about how the Department of Education defines ethnicity, see Defining Race and Ethnicity Data, National Center for Education Statistics

Students eligible for free or discounted lunch at Moshannon Valley Elementary School

Compare

Year	# Students	Full-time Teachers	Student/Teacher ratio	% Free/Discounted Lunch
1988	666	30.2	22.0	n/a
1989	648	30.2	21.4	n/a
1990	622	30.2	20.5	0
1991	621	30.2	20.5	n/a
1992	695	30.7	22.6	n/a
1993	717	33.0	21.7	n/a
1994	715	34.5	20.7	n/a
1995	737	35.0	21.1	n/a
1996	737	35.0	21.1	n/a
1997	750	35.0	21.4	n/a
1998	729	35.0	20.8	n/a
1999	678	34.0	19.9	n/a
2000	672	33.8	19.9	37.5
2001	626	33.8	18.5	43
2002	597	34.4	17.4	38
2003	597	34.4	17.4	38
2004	552	35.2	15.7	47.3
2005	530	34.9	15.2	42.8
2006	502	33.9	14.8	44
2007	486	33.6	14.5	46.3
2008	506	33.8	15.0	43
2009	488	34.0	14.4	44.9
2010	506	35.4	14.2	48.6
2011	525	35.4	14.8	42.7
2012	509	35.0	14.5	47.7
2013	494	33.5	14.7	52
2014	487	35.8	13.6	50.3
2015	460	37.0	12.4	54.6
2016	460	36.0	12.7	54.8
2017	450	36.7	12.2	58.2
2018	442	36.9	11.9	55.9
2019	442	37.4	11.8	56.1
2020	429	36.3	11.7	55.7
2021	389	34.2	11.3	54
2022	405	35.1	11.5	58
2023	407	33.0	12.3	100

Data source: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Dept of Education.

About Students eligible for discounted/free lunch:

The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) provides low-cost or free meals to students in U.S. public and nonprofit private schools based on household income. Those with incomes below 130% of the poverty line receive free lunch, while those between 130% and 185% qualify for reduced-price lunch. The percentage of students receiving free or reduced-price lunch serves as a marker for poverty, as it reflects the socioeconomic status of families in a given school or district. A higher FRPL rate typically indicates a higher concentration of low-income families, suggesting that the school or district may face additional challenges in providing adequate resources and support for student success.

Student/Teacher Ratio Moshannon Valley Elementary School

Compare

Year	# Students	Full-time Teachers	Student/Teacher ratio	% Free/Discounted Lunch
1988	666	30.2	22.0	n/a
1989	648	30.2	21.4	n/a
1990	622	30.2	20.5	0
1991	621	30.2	20.5	n/a
1992	695	30.7	22.6	n/a
1993	717	33.0	21.7	n/a
1994	715	34.5	20.7	n/a
1995	737	35.0	21.1	n/a
1996	737	35.0	21.1	n/a
1997	750	35.0	21.4	n/a
1998	729	35.0	20.8	n/a
1999	678	34.0	19.9	n/a
2000	672	33.8	19.9	37.5
2001	626	33.8	18.5	43
2002	597	34.4	17.4	38
2003	597	34.4	17.4	38
2004	552	35.2	15.7	47.3
2005	530	34.9	15.2	42.8
2006	502	33.9	14.8	44
2007	486	33.6	14.5	46.3
2008	506	33.8	15.0	43
2009	488	34.0	14.4	44.9
2010	506	35.4	14.2	48.6
2011	525	35.4	14.8	42.7
2012	509	35.0	14.5	47.7
2013	494	33.5	14.7	52
2014	487	35.8	13.6	50.3
2015	460	37.0	12.4	54.6
2016	460	36.0	12.7	54.8
2017	450	36.7	12.2	58.2
2018	442	36.9	11.9	55.9
2019	442	37.4	11.8	56.1
2020	429	36.3	11.7	55.7
2021	389	34.2	11.3	54
2022	405	35.1	11.5	58
2023	407	33.0	12.3	100

Data source: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Dept of Education.

About Student-Teacher Ratio

Student/teacher ratio is calculated by dividing the total number of students by the total number of full-time equivalent teachers. Please note that a smaller student/teacher ratio does not necessarily translate to smaller class size. In some instances, schools hire teachers part time, and some teachers are hired for specialized instruction with very small class sizes. These and other factors contribute to the student/teacher ratio. Note: For private schools, Student/teacher ratio may not include Pre-Kindergarten.

Finances

Per Pupil Expenditures for Moshannon Valley Elementary School

Year	Expenditures from Federal Funds	Expenditures from State and Local Funds	Total Expenditures Per Pupil (All Funds)
2019	$01 (3.1%)	$31 (96.9%)	$32
2020	$672 (4.6%)	$14,019 (95.4%)	$14,691
2021	$456 (3.1%)	$14,125 (96.9%)	$14,580
2022	$1,670 (10.3%)	$14,479 (89.7%)	$16,150

Data source: Pennsylvania Department of Education

Pre and Post Pandemic Data

Impact of COVID-19 on Moshannon Valley Elementary School

The coronavirus has had a profound impact on education in America. Learning shifted online overnight, attendance numbers dwindled, and enrollment decreased. SchoolDigger.com is making it easier for you to better assess how COVID-19 has impacted your school. Through the collection of pre-pandemic (2019) and current data, SchoolDigger.com is sharing test scores, enrollment numbers and school demographics from schools across the country – and we make it easy to see how impacted schools compare locally and statewide.

Rankings

Rank Pre-pandemic (2018-2019)	Rank Post pandemic (2022-2023)	Change (%)
Ranks 956^th of 1544 Elementary schools	Ranks 1060^th of 1534 Elementary schools	7.2%

Test Scores

	% proficient Pre-pandemic (2018-2019)	% proficient Post pandemic (2022-2023)	Change (%)
3rd Grade Math (Moshannon Valley Elementary School)	60	40.7	19.3%
3rd Grade Math (Pennsylvania)	56	51.7	4.3%
3rd Grade English Language Arts (Moshannon Valley Elementary School)	58.2	30.9	27.3%
3rd Grade English Language Arts (Pennsylvania)	61.9	54	7.9%
4th Grade Math (Moshannon Valley Elementary School)	51.8	42.6	9.2%
4th Grade Math (Pennsylvania)	46.2	46.5	0.3%
4th Grade Science (Moshannon Valley Elementary School)	75.9	79.2	3.3%
4th Grade Science (Pennsylvania)	77.8	74.1	3.7%
4th Grade English Language Arts (Moshannon Valley Elementary School)	63.8	51.9	11.9%
4th Grade English Language Arts (Pennsylvania)	63.6	51.8	11.8%
5th Grade Math (Moshannon Valley Elementary School)	38.7	16.7	22%
5th Grade Math (Pennsylvania)	43	42.7	0.3%
5th Grade English Language Arts (Moshannon Valley Elementary School)	41.3	28.4	12.9%
5th Grade English Language Arts (Pennsylvania)	58.5	53.6	4.9%
6th Grade Math (Moshannon Valley Elementary School)	40.9	39.2	1.7%
6th Grade Math (Pennsylvania)	39	36.4	2.6%
6th Grade English Language Arts (Moshannon Valley Elementary School)	56.9	51	5.9%
6th Grade English Language Arts (Pennsylvania)	63	55.6	7.4%
All Grades Math (Moshannon Valley Elementary School)	47.3	33.8	13.5%
All Grades Math (Pennsylvania)	42.4	39.3	3.1%
All Grades Science (Moshannon Valley Elementary School)	75.9	79.2	3.3%
All Grades Science (Pennsylvania)	68	65.6	2.4%
All Grades English Language Arts (Moshannon Valley Elementary School)	54.7	39.7	15%
All Grades English Language Arts (Pennsylvania)	60.9	53.8	7.1%

Student Body

	Number of students Pre-pandemic (2018-2019)	Number of students Post pandemic (2022-2023)	Change (%)
Total Students	442	407	7.9%
African American	1	2	100%
American Indian	0	0
Asian	3	1	66.7%
Hispanic	3	3
Pacific Islander	0	0
White	419	390	6.9%
Two or More Races	16	11	31.3%
% Free/Discounted Lunch Recipients	56.1%	100%	43.9%

Schools Near Moshannon Valley Elementary School

Choose columns to see: Summary School Students/Teachers Ranking Test Scores Finance All

School													Students/Teachers											Ranking (2023)				Ranking (2022)				PSSA Math (2023)					PSSA Science (2023)		PSSA English Language Arts (2023)					Per Pupil Expenditures (2022)
Name	Type	Grades	Address	City	Zip	County	District	Is Charter	Is Magnet	Is Virtual	Is Title I	Phone	Enrollment	Full-time Teachers	Student/ Teacher Ratio	Free/Discounted Lunch Recipients	White	Black	Hispanic	Asian	American Indian	Pacific Islander	Two or More Races	Average Standard Score (2023)	Statewide Rank (2023)	State Percentile (2023)	SchoolDigger Rating (2023)	Average Standard Score (2022)	Statewide Rank (2022)	State Percentile (2022)	Rank Change from Previous Year	PSSA Math 3rd Grade	PSSA Math 4th Grade	PSSA Math 5th Grade	PSSA Math 6th Grade	PSSA Math All Grades	PSSA Science 4th Grade	PSSA Science All Grades	PSSA English Language Arts 3rd Grade	PSSA English Language Arts 4th Grade	PSSA English Language Arts 5th Grade	PSSA English Language Arts 6th Grade	PSSA English Language Arts All Grades	Per Pupil Expenditures Total	Sub-total from Federal Funds	Sub-total from State/Local Funds
Moshannon Valley Elementary School	Public	K-6	5026 Green Acre Rd	Houtzdale	16651	Clearfield County	Moshannon Valley School District	No	(n/a)	No	(n/a)	(814) 378-7683	407	33	12.3	100.0%	390 (95.8%)	2 (0.5%)	3 (0.7%)	1 (0.2%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	11 (2.7%)	37.3	1060^th of 1534 public elementary schools	30.9%		47.8	930^th of 1534 public elementary schools	39.4%	130	40.7	42.6	16.7	39.2	33.8	79.2	79.2	30.9	51.9	28.4	51.0	39.7	$16,150	$1,670	$14,479
Osceola Mills Elementary School	Public	K-5	400 Coal St	Osceola Mills	16666	Clearfield County	Philipsburg-Osceola Area School District	No	(n/a)	No	(n/a)	(814) 339-6812	295	27	10.9	59.3%	283 (95.9%)	3 (1.0%)	1 (0.3%)	0 (0.0%)	3 (1.0%)	2 (0.7%)	3 (1.0%)	66.7	559^th of 1534 public elementary schools	63.6%		71.8	462^nd of 1534 public elementary schools	69.9%	97	62.3	55.5	50.0		56.2	71.1	71.1	64.2	60.0	68.8		64.4	$17,583	$1,884	$15,699
Glendale Elementary School	Public	K-6	1500 Beaver Valley Rd	Flinton	16640	Cambria County	Glendale School District	No	(n/a)	No	(n/a)	(814) 687-4263	320	43	7.3	100.0%	311 (97.2%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (0.6%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	7 (2.2%)	64.2	611^th of 1534 public elementary schools	60.2%		72.3	446^th of 1534 public elementary schools	70.9%	165	53.3	46.0	55.3	34.0	46.1	84.0	84.0	56.6	56.0	70.2	63.0	61.9	$17,645	$872	$16,773
Curwensville Area Elementary School	Public	K-6	650 Beech St	Curwensville	16833	Clearfield County	Curwensville Area School District	No	(n/a)	No	(n/a)	(814) 236-1101	536	45	11.9	57.1%	529 (98.7%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.2%)	2 (0.4%)	1 (0.2%)	0 (0.0%)	3 (0.6%)	77.3	332^nd of 1534 public elementary schools	78.4%		81	274^th of 1534 public elementary schools	82.1%	58	62.8	63.4	50.7	60.0	59.4	91.4	91.4	60.3	76.5	62.6	92.7	71.2	$17,276	$723	$16,553
Philipsburg Elementary School	Public	K-5	1810 Black Moshannon Road	Philipsburg	16866	Centre County	Philipsburg-Osceola Area School District	No	(n/a)	No	(n/a)	(814) 342-2870	406	33	12.4	59.4%	396 (97.5%)	2 (0.5%)	2 (0.5%)	2 (0.5%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	4 (1.0%)	72.4	445^th of 1534 public elementary schools	71.0%		71.2	478^th of 1534 public elementary schools	68.8%	33	67.6	62.5	52.1		60.9	84.4	84.4	67.5	67.2	56.3		63.7	$13,571	$1,454	$12,117
Tyrone Area Elementary School	Public	PK, KG-4	601 Clay Avenue	Tyrone	16686	Blair County	Tyrone Area School District	No	(n/a)	No	(n/a)	(814) 684-1342	679	60	11.3	58.2%	649 (95.6%)	8 (1.2%)	3 (0.4%)	3 (0.4%)	1 (0.1%)	0 (0.0%)	15 (2.2%)	53.8	814^th of 1534 public elementary schools	46.9%		63	623^rd of 1534 public elementary schools	59.4%	191	56.7	36.9			46.5	79.2	79.2	57.7	51.3			54.4	$23	$03	$20
Clearfield Area Elementary School	Public	K-6	700 High Level Rd	Clearfield	16830	Clearfield County	Clearfield Area School District	No	(n/a)	No	(n/a)	(814) 765-5511	1,059	92	11.5	100.0%	998 (94.2%)	3 (0.3%)	15 (1.4%)	4 (0.4%)	1 (0.1%)	0 (0.0%)	38 (3.6%)	32.4	1109^th of 1534 public elementary schools	27.7%		33.9	1085^th of 1534 public elementary schools	29.3%	24	46.4	44.6	20.7	23.0	33.7	69.1	69.1	40.4	39.0	31.8	39.6	37.8	$17,273	$2,438	$14,835
West Branch Area Elementary School	Public	K-4	356 Allport Cutoff	Morrisdale	16858	Clearfield County	West Branch Area School District	No	(n/a)	No	(n/a)	(814) 345-5615	341	32	10.8	43.1%	322 (94.4%)	1 (0.3%)	4 (1.2%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.3%)	0 (0.0%)	13 (3.8%)	44.7	953^rd of 1534 public elementary schools	37.9%		43.1	993^rd of 1534 public elementary schools	35.3%	40	53.6	18.8			36.8	73.4	73.4	62.3	41.5			52.2	$22,385	$2,629	$19,756
Lewis M Myers Elementary School	Public	K-4	220 Martin Street	Bellwood	16617	Blair County	Bellwood-Antis School District	No	(n/a)	No	(n/a)	(814) 742-2272	400	31	12.9	42.3%	390 (97.5%)	3 (0.8%)	3 (0.8%)	3 (0.8%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.3%)	65.5	585^th of 1534 public elementary schools	61.9%		68.3	535^th of 1534 public elementary schools	65.1%	50	62.2	43.0			52.8	83.6	83.6	67.1	59.5			63.4	$15,803	$1,868	$13,935
Harmony Area Elementary School	Public	PK, KG-6	5239 Ridge Rd	Westover	16692	Clearfield County	Harmony Area School District	No	(n/a)	No	(n/a)	(814) 845-2300	136	16	8.6	100.0%	133 (97.8%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (1.5%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (0.7%)	65	597^th of 1534 public elementary schools	61.1%		48.9	913^th of 1534 public elementary schools	40.5%	316	63.1		42.8		50.0			68.4		57.2		55.2	$20,894	$1,700	$19,194

Frequently Asked Questions about Moshannon Valley Elementary School

How many students attend Moshannon Valley Elementary School?

In the 2022-23 school year, 407 students attended Moshannon Valley Elementary School.

What is the racial makeup of Moshannon Valley Elementary School?

Students at Moshannon Valley Elementary School are 96% White, 3% Two or more races.

What district is Moshannon Valley Elementary School in?

Moshannon Valley School District

What schools do graduates of Moshannon Valley Elementary School attend?

Students who attend Moshannon Valley Elementary School usually go on to attend:

High : Moshannon Valley Junior/Senior High School

Is Moshannon Valley Elementary School a good school?

Moshannon Valley Elementary School ranks 1060^th of 1534 Pennsylvania elementary schools. SchoolDigger rates this school 2 stars out of 5.

Rate Moshannon Valley Elementary School!

Other helpful SchoolDigger resources...

Compare to nearby schools

PAPennsylvania Elementary School Rankings

PAPennsylvania District Rankings

Schools in Houtzdale, PA

Sign up for updates!

Be the first to know when there is an update for Moshannon Valley Elementary School!

SchoolDigger data sources: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, the U.S. Census Bureau and the Pennsylvania Department of Education.

IMPORTANT DISCLAIMERS: Not all boundaries are included. We make every effort to ensure that boundaries are up-to-date. But it's important to note that these are approximations and are for general informational purposes only. To verify legal descriptions of boundaries or school locations, contact your local tax assessor's office and/or school district.

Diagnostics

None retrieved from Database in 166 milliseconds.